AEO Index · August 2026 · Updated Aug 22, 2026

The complete AI-visibility index for M7 schools.

Two layers of AI visibility, durable memory and the live citation contest, the organic reality beneath them, and where the opportunity sits, in one view.

Primary + extended cohort5 platformsMemory + live retrievalTwo instruments, honestly separated
The short version

What AI already says about this category

Ninety seconds. AI answers this category from two places at once, what the models already remember about it and what they retrieve live, and this index measures both. Every figure below is drawn from a panel further down this page, and none of it is an estimate.

Executive overview
AI names a tracked school in 85% of the 265 category questions buyers actually ask, yet only 3.2% of the sources behind those answers come from a tracked school.
85%
AI names a tracked school
of 265 category questions · measured 2026-08-22
2
in the leading band
Harvard Business School, Wharton, not separable
3.2%
of citations to a school's own site
of 7,509 sources AI cited
9.1%
of category search demand captured
by the 18 tracked schools with organic data
The top of this category is a tie, not a ranking. Harvard Business School and Wharton lead and are not distinguishable from each other. The 5 schools below them are not distinguishable from each other either.
There are two AI answers here, not one. Trained memory and live retrieval are separate measurements, and 5 of 18 schools differ between them by more than the instrument's own margin of error (0.075): Harvard Business School stands higher on memory than on retrieval; UC Berkeley Haas, NYU Stern, INSEAD and UVA Darden gain ground once search is on. For everyone else the two readings are the same within the noise, and this page says which is which.
The answer is assembled somewhere else. Only 3.2% of what AI cites in this category sits on a tracked school's own site. The single most-cited source is gmac.com at 507 citations, ahead of poetsandquants.com and reddit.com. The citation panel below lists every source and who owns it.
What AI looks for is not evenly contested. 53% of the sub-questions AI generates on its own are about rankings, which is the most contested ground in the category. Another 12% are about career outcomes, where the cohort averages 0.9% coverage and Wharton alone holds 14%.
What the measurement says
Visibility here is not owned, it is cited
Tracked schools hold 3.2% of the sources behind AI's answers about this category. The rest sits on sites none of them controls, so visibility here is largely a function of who else writes about a school rather than of what sits on its own site.
What the measurement says
AI demand and search demand do not line up
Career outcomes carries 30,330 searches a month in Google and 12% of the sub-questions AI generates on its own, against 0.9% average coverage across the cohort; Wharton is the only school with a real position in it at 14%. A cluster AI asks about and the category has not answered is a property of the category, measured here rather than assumed.
How to read every number on this page. 14 of the 17 gaps between neighbours on the blended leaderboard are smaller than this measurement's own margin of error (0.043), so we publish 4 bands rather than 18 ranks. Where two schools are too close to call, this index says so instead of inventing an order.
The signature view

The Delta Quadrant

Every school placed by what AI remembers (model memory) against what AI finds when it searches (live retrieval). Bubble size is mention volume. Tap any school to focus it; switch Layer, Platform or Signal to move the category.

Two-layer collection · 2026-08-22
Adjust this view
Layer
Platform
Signal
Dual leader
Citation-strong · reputation-weak
Reputation-strong · citation-weak
Low / low
What AI remembers → (model memory)
What AI cites now → (live retrieval)

AI has already decided which M7 schools it recommends. Here is who, and why.

Two layers of AI visibility: durable memory, and the live citation contest.

Touch to explore

25 views · scroll down · tap any school to focus it · ask the index anything

Primary cohort
Extended cohort
Bubble size = mention volume · tap to focus
Which gaps between the two axes are real. Running the whole instrument twice puts the minimum detectable change on the memory-to-retrieval gap at 0.075 (the two layers are separate collections, so their noise adds). 5 of 18 schools clear it:
  • UC Berkeley Haas +0.179 toward live retrieval
  • Harvard Business School -0.158 toward model memory
  • NYU Stern +0.135 toward live retrieval
  • INSEAD +0.129 toward live retrieval
  • UVA Darden +0.116 toward live retrieval
Every other school is placed accurately and its gap between the two axes is inside the noise, so read its position, not the distance between its two scores. The Precision panel sets out the same threshold for every dimension separately.
Diagnosis before design

What this category supports

Measured before the page was shaped. It answers one question: do AI answers about this category name real schools often enough for position to be the story?

Composite track · both layers
MeasureValueBasis
Category saturation85%226 of 265 category questions surface a tracked school
Retrieval effect-4 ptssaturation with search on minus search off, on the three engines both layers share
Brand share of demand5.9%98 branded of 772 keywords
AI-to-search demand1.55x1194 generated sub-questions per volume-bearing keyword, over 772 of them. A generated sub-question is demand STRUCTURE, never a measured search, and the two are never summed.
Page shape selected by measurement
Competitive ranking index; fight on position
Precision

How big a move has to be before it is real

Each figure is a minimum detectable change: the smallest move that is real at 95% confidence, measured by running the whole instrument twice over the 18 tracked schools. Occasions: Model memory both on 2026-08-22; Live retrieval both on 2026-08-22. These occasions are hours apart, so every figure is a floor: a day-separated repeat is expected to raise them, not lower them.

Test-retest · 95%
DimensionMemory MDCspread/MDCRetrieval MDCspread/MDCMemory verdictRetrieval verdict
Entity Mention Frequency (EMF)0.02878.260.03155.77RankableRankable
Topical Range Score0.14971.220.22450.72Partly rankableNot measurable
Position Power Score0.04314.640.06922.12Partly rankablePartly rankable
First-Position Rate0.02117.510.05141.81Partly rankablePartly rankable
Cross-Platform Stability0.13981.990.20010.90One bandNot measurable
The headline

What may be published, dimension by dimension

A cell is rankable when its bands separate. It is not measurable when the dimension moves more between two runs of the same instrument than it varies across the 18 tracked schools. Where the cells disagree, the disagreement is the diagnosis.

Two occasions · measured
DimensionModel memoryLive retrieval
PresenceRankable
9 bands of 18 · MDC 0.0287 · spread/MDC 8.26
Rankable
8 bands of 18 · MDC 0.0315 · spread/MDC 5.77
RangePartly rankable
4 bands of 18 · MDC 0.1497 · spread/MDC 1.22
Not measurable
1 band of 18 · MDC 0.2245 · spread/MDC 0.72
PositionPartly rankable
5 bands of 18 · MDC 0.0431 · spread/MDC 4.64
Partly rankable
3 bands of 18 · MDC 0.0692 · spread/MDC 2.12
First namedPartly rankable
4 bands of 18 · MDC 0.0211 · spread/MDC 7.51
Partly rankable
3 bands of 18 · MDC 0.0514 · spread/MDC 1.81
StabilityOne band
1 band of 18 · MDC 0.1398 · spread/MDC 1.99
Not measurable
2 bands of 18 · MDC 0.2001 · spread/MDC 0.90
Standings

Ranked where the noise allows it

A break between bands opens only where the gap exceeds the noise measured at that point on the leaderboard, which is why the bands are uneven. Entities sharing a band are not ordered, because their order would not survive a re-run.

Rank-local MDC · both layers

Entity Mention Frequency (EMF)

Model memory
MDC 0.0287 · Rankable
1
Wharton0.774
Harvard Business School0.736
order within this band is inside the noise
local MDC
0.0366
2
Kellogg0.692
local MDC
0.0390
3
Stanford GSB0.629
MIT Sloan0.629
order within this band is inside the noise
local MDC
0.0357
4
Columbia Business School0.585
local MDC
0.0341
5
Chicago Booth0.465
local MDC
0.0338
6
Tuck0.296
INSEAD0.270
Yale SOM0.252
Michigan Ross0.239
NYU Stern0.233
UC Berkeley Haas0.220
order within this band is inside the noise
local MDC
0.0216
7
Duke Fuqua0.189
local MDC
0.0164
8
Carnegie Mellon Tepper0.113
UCLA Anderson0.113
UVA Darden0.107
order within this band is inside the noise
local MDC
0.0143
9
Cornell Johnson0.050
local MDC
0.0123
Live retrieval
MDC 0.0315 · Rankable
1
Wharton0.649
local MDC
0.0312
2
Kellogg0.581
local MDC
0.0298
3
Harvard Business School0.547
MIT Sloan0.543
order within this band is inside the noise
local MDC
0.0273
4
Stanford GSB0.487
Chicago Booth0.483
order within this band is inside the noise
local MDC
0.0265
5
Columbia Business School0.392
local MDC
0.0262
6
UC Berkeley Haas0.283
local MDC
0.0280
7
INSEAD0.249
NYU Stern0.245
Yale SOM0.226
Michigan Ross0.208
Tuck0.200
order within this band is inside the noise
local MDC
0.0325
8
Duke Fuqua0.162
UCLA Anderson0.136
UVA Darden0.106
Cornell Johnson0.102
Carnegie Mellon Tepper0.083
order within this band is inside the noise
local MDC
0.0408

Topical Range Score

Model memory
MDC 0.1497 · Partly rankable
1
Harvard Business School1.000
Wharton1.000
Stanford GSB1.000
Kellogg1.000
MIT Sloan1.000
Chicago Booth1.000
Columbia Business School1.000
order within this band is inside the noise
local MDC
0.0939
2
Tuck0.833
UC Berkeley Haas0.833
Yale SOM0.833
Duke Fuqua0.833
UVA Darden0.833
order within this band is inside the noise
local MDC
0.1455
3
INSEAD0.667
NYU Stern0.667
Michigan Ross0.667
order within this band is inside the noise
local MDC
0.1540
4
Carnegie Mellon Tepper0.500
UCLA Anderson0.500
Cornell Johnson0.500
order within this band is inside the noise
local MDC
0.1633
Live retrieval
MDC 0.2245 · Not measurable
Moves more between runs than it varies across the cohort; no ordering here is real. Scores are shown without an order.
Harvard Business School1.000
Wharton1.000
Stanford GSB1.000
Kellogg1.000
MIT Sloan1.000
Chicago Booth1.000
Columbia Business School1.000
INSEAD1.000
Tuck1.000
UC Berkeley Haas1.000
Yale SOM0.833
NYU Stern0.833
Cornell Johnson0.833
Michigan Ross0.667
UCLA Anderson0.667
Duke Fuqua0.667
UVA Darden0.667
Carnegie Mellon Tepper0.500

Position Power Score

Model memory
MDC 0.0431 · Partly rankable
1
Harvard Business School0.921
local MDC
0.0226
2
Stanford GSB0.858
local MDC
0.0217
3
Wharton0.832
local MDC
0.0252
4
Kellogg0.626
Chicago Booth0.617
MIT Sloan0.590
Columbia Business School0.560
order within this band is inside the noise
local MDC
0.0493
5
Carnegie Mellon Tepper0.436
Cornell Johnson0.425
UC Berkeley Haas0.406
NYU Stern0.385
INSEAD0.378
UCLA Anderson0.358
Tuck0.351
Yale SOM0.341
Michigan Ross0.311
UVA Darden0.274
Duke Fuqua0.253
order within this band is inside the noise
local MDC
0.0315
Live retrieval
MDC 0.0692 · Partly rankable
1
Stanford GSB0.823
Wharton0.815
Harvard Business School0.812
order within this band is inside the noise
local MDC
0.0533
2
Kellogg0.675
MIT Sloan0.650
Chicago Booth0.618
Carnegie Mellon Tepper0.584
Columbia Business School0.556
UC Berkeley Haas0.533
INSEAD0.510
Duke Fuqua0.501
NYU Stern0.475
Tuck0.461
Michigan Ross0.453
UCLA Anderson0.450
UVA Darden0.412
Yale SOM0.399
order within this band is inside the noise
local MDC
0.0805
3
Cornell Johnson0.298
local MDC
0.0828

First-Position Rate

Model memory
MDC 0.0211 · Partly rankable
1
Harvard Business School0.692
local MDC
0.0292
2
Wharton0.195
local MDC
0.0283
3
Stanford GSB0.110
Chicago Booth0.095
order within this band is inside the noise
local MDC
0.0270
4
Duke Fuqua0.067
Carnegie Mellon Tepper0.056
INSEAD0.047
UC Berkeley Haas0.029
Kellogg0.027
MIT Sloan0.010
Columbia Business School0.000
Tuck0.000
Yale SOM0.000
NYU Stern0.000
Michigan Ross0.000
UCLA Anderson0.000
UVA Darden0.000
Cornell Johnson0.000
order within this band is inside the noise
local MDC
0.0000
Live retrieval
MDC 0.0514 · Partly rankable
1
Harvard Business School0.317
local MDC
0.0299
2
Wharton0.256
Stanford GSB0.233
order within this band is inside the noise
local MDC
0.0543
3
Kellogg0.110
INSEAD0.106
Duke Fuqua0.093
Carnegie Mellon Tepper0.045
Chicago Booth0.039
Columbia Business School0.038
Cornell Johnson0.037
MIT Sloan0.035
UCLA Anderson0.028
UC Berkeley Haas0.027
Yale SOM0.017
Tuck0.000
NYU Stern0.000
Michigan Ross0.000
UVA Darden0.000
order within this band is inside the noise
local MDC
0.0397

Cross-Platform Stability

Model memory
MDC 0.1398 · One band
All 18 are one band: no pair is separated by more than this dimension's own noise. Scores are shown without an order.
Harvard Business School0.964
Wharton0.940
Kellogg0.910
Stanford GSB0.907
Carnegie Mellon Tepper0.864
MIT Sloan0.828
UCLA Anderson0.764
Columbia Business School0.707
Tuck0.695
INSEAD0.652
Chicago Booth0.581
Yale SOM0.505
Michigan Ross0.422
Cornell Johnson0.363
Duke Fuqua0.274
NYU Stern0.216
UVA Darden0.206
UC Berkeley Haas0.071
Live retrieval
MDC 0.2001 · Not measurable
Moves more between runs than it varies across the cohort; no ordering here is real. Scores are shown without an order.
Wharton0.917
Kellogg0.905
Chicago Booth0.893
MIT Sloan0.877
Stanford GSB0.831
UVA Darden0.818
INSEAD0.812
Harvard Business School0.803
Columbia Business School0.732
Carnegie Mellon Tepper0.692
Michigan Ross0.665
UCLA Anderson0.655
Yale SOM0.654
NYU Stern0.617
Tuck0.615
UC Berkeley Haas0.593
Duke Fuqua0.549
Cornell Johnson0.135
Kept for continuity

Blended summary

A single weighted number over all five dimensions (w_p 0.32 / w_g 0.68). It is a summary and not the headline: blending one reliable dimension with four less reliable ones moves the result toward the less reliable ones, so the per-dimension standings above carry the ordering. Shown because it is the number this index has always published. Its own noise floor is 0.0432, which separates the 18 tracked schools into just 4 bands: 14 of the 17 gaps between neighbours are inside it. The rank column is a reading order, not a finding. Rows sharing a band are marked and are not distinguishable from each other. Tap a row to focus it across the whole index. The chip shows recommendation quality: how AI frames the school when it names it, a top pick (green) versus hedged with caveats (red). Hover for the recommended / neutral / cautioned split.

Two-layer collection · 2026-08-22
MemoryRetrievalBlendedRec. quality
1b1Harvard Business School0.758+0.30
2b1Wharton0.757+0.30
3b2Stanford GSB0.700+0.33
4b2Kellogg0.680+0.42
5b2MIT Sloan0.645+0.40
6b2Chicago Booth0.610+0.38
7b2Columbia Business School0.574+0.24
8Financial Times0.560
9b3INSEAD0.501+0.42
10b3Tuck0.460+0.40
11b3UC Berkeley Haas0.443+0.44
12b3Yale SOM0.424+0.26
13b3NYU Stern0.403+0.31
14b3Carnegie Mellon Tepper0.387+0.29
15b3Michigan Ross0.387+0.29
16b3UCLA Anderson0.380+0.26
17b3Duke Fuqua0.376+0.34
18b3UVA Darden0.369+0.36
19Bloomberg Businessweek0.333
20Poets & Quants0.287
21Cornell Johnson0.280+0.37
22Fortune0.275
23Forbes0.260
24GMAT Club0.250
25Princeton Review0.211
26US News & World Report0.201
27Clear Admit0.152
28Menlo Coaching0.132
29QS World University Rankings0.129
30BusinessBecause0.085
How this is measured

How this index is scored

Two layers, scored on the same five signals. The layers are what AI knows about a school without looking versus what it finds when it searches. The signals are how each layer is measured.

Methodology v2

The two layers

Memory (weighted 0.32): what the model has internalized about the category, measured with web search off. The slow-moving reputation layer.

Live retrieval (weighted 0.68): what the model surfaces when it searches the web before answering. The fast, content-driven layer.

Each layer score is the weighted composite of the five signals. The blended score combines them at 0.32 memory and 0.68 retrieval, the same weighting on every Arcalea index so that two categories can be read on one scale.

The five signals

Entity Mention Frequency (EMF) (25%)
Share of tested responses that name the school. The foundational frequency signal.

Topical Range Score (20%)
Share of distinct question types where the school appears. Breadth, not volume. A school that leads its category will often score 1.000 here, because it shows up across every kind of question asked. The signal does its separating work further down the field.

Position Power Score (20%)
Where in the answer the school lands. Named first counts for more than named last.

First-Position Rate (15%)
How often the school is the first named of any listed. The advocacy signal.

Cross-Platform Stability (20%)
How evenly the school appears across engines rather than depending on one. Measured within a layer: the memory layer runs on fewer engines than retrieval, so the two are read within their own layer, not against each other.

Rigor you can see

Head-to-head, honestly measured

When AI compares two schools, the naive answer is mostly an artifact of which is named first. We ask every matchup both ways; the number to trust is order-balanced. Toggle to watch the correction.

Order-balanced · 2026-08-22
← now switch to the honest, order-balanced number

Matchups (first school's balanced win rate)

Citation battleground

How AI frames them

Attribute association

Which factors the models associate with each school. Darker cell = stronger association. Each row is a share of that school's own mentions, so a school needs at least 20 mentions before its shares mean anything.

Grounded layer · 2026-08-22
SchoolRankingsEmployment OutcomesSalary / ROIFormat FlexibilityEntrepreneurshipClass Size & CultureExecutive EdTuition ValueAlumni NetworkConsulting PlacementFinance PlacementTech Placement
Harvard Business School39%
Wharton43%
Stanford GSB40%
Kellogg34%
MIT Sloan33%20%
Chicago Booth33%16%
Columbia Business School29%17%18%
INSEAD44%15%17%20%
Tuck43%21%17%26%
UC Berkeley Haas45%19%20%
Yale SOM43%15%18%
NYU Stern32%23%18%
Carnegie Mellon Tepper23%23%27%41%
Michigan Ross38%16%18%27%
UCLA Anderson39%31%25%28%
Duke Fuqua42%19%19%
UVA Darden21%18%29%
Cornell Johnson48%18%22%26%
What the machines look for

Search fan-out

One question quietly becomes many. These are the hidden sub-searches the models run to answer a category question, the content brief they wrote themselves: rankings and career outcomes dominate.

Grounded layer · 2026-08-22
rankings53%
other17%
career outcomes12%
cost and ROI9.5%
head-to-head comparison4.6%
program format2.3%
admissions1.2%
specialization0.1%
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The citation economy

AI citations

Citation rate and the domains AI leans on.

Grounded layer · 2026-08-22
92.6%
responses with citations
7,509
total citations
3.2%
to a tracked school
gmac.com
507
poetsandquants.com
437
reddit.com
372
clearadmit.com
171
mbaschools.org
157
usnews.com
155
find-mba.com
146
menlocoaching.com
142
mbaguidance.com
118
topmba.com
114
research.com
110
fortune.com
106
Where citations go

Citation flow

Read left to right: the kind of question on the left, the source AI cited on the right. Aggregators and a broad long tail dominate; school sites are a thin slice.

Grounded layer · 2026-08-22
SolutionEducationalDiscoveryCommunityComparisonDecisionSchool sites 3.2%Aggregators 36%Other 61%
School sites
Aggregators
Other
The content pattern

Citation sources & page types

Of the school pages AI does cite, the mix concentrates in program (37%) and outcomes (20%). The chart below sets that against where citations go overall, across 7,509 cited URLs.

Grounded layer · 2026-08-22

Citation sources by side

schools 3.2%   aggregators 36%   other 61%

Cited school page types

program37%
outcomes20%
homepage13%
rankings10%
news blog1.7%
other19%
Google's AI layer

Google AI Overviews

An AI Overview appears on 81% of the 772 category keywords, the highest-volume AI surface. Even Google's own AI leans on third parties over the schools: schools are named mostly on their own brand terms, and on non-branded discovery queries the naming concentrates on a few. The count below is how many keywords return an AI Overview naming that school, out of 772. It is not a count of citation instances: one Overview naming a school twice still counts once. Tap to focus.

DataForSEO · 2026-08-22

Keywords whose AI Overview names each school (all / non-branded)

Wharton51 / 49 nb
NYU Stern38 / 38 nb
UCLA Anderson29 / 28 nb
Carnegie Mellon Tepper24 / 24 nb
UC Berkeley Haas16 / 15 nb
Harvard Business School16 / 16 nb
Chicago Booth9 / 9 nb
Kellogg7 / 7 nb
Stanford GSB7 / 7 nb
MIT Sloan5 / 5 nb
Columbia Business School4 / 4 nb
Michigan Ross3 / 3 nb
INSEAD2 / 2 nb
Yale SOM2 / 2 nb

Top cited domains

www.youtube.com510
www.usnews.com442
www.reddit.com267
www.gmac.com241
research.com156
www.topuniversities.com98
www.wgu.edu86
www.coursera.org72
Act 4Organic reality and opportunity
The organic baseline

Organic share of voice

Share of estimated addressable organic clicks. The 16 highest shares of 18 measured entities are shown; the totals below the table cover all 18.

DataForSEO · 2026-08-22
EntityOrganic SoVKeywords rankingEst. clicks/mo
Wharton3.3%8914937
NYU Stern2.8%7612999
UCLA Anderson0.8%173495
Harvard Business School0.4%261851
MIT Sloan0.3%111433
Kellogg0.3%151236
UC Berkeley Haas0.3%221225
Stanford GSB0.3%101175
Chicago Booth0.2%25748
Michigan Ross0.1%8607
Duke Fuqua0.1%4561
Carnegie Mellon Tepper0.1%9387
UVA Darden0.1%3383
Columbia Business School0.1%13286
INSEAD0.0%3211
Yale SOM0.0%350
The 18 tracked schools with organic data: 9.1% of 457,848 estimated addressable clicks a month. The rest of the category's search demand goes to publishers, aggregators and everyone else.
Keyword reality

SERP and keyword coverage

Keyword-universe SERP appearances per school.

DataForSEO · 2026-08-23
SchoolSERP appearancesKW coverageTop-3 rateSEO composite
Financial Times16419%5%0.269
Forbes15019%5%0.251
Wharton10412%5%0.226
NYU Stern7610%2%0.198
QS World University Rankings364%2%0.196
Fortune10012%1%0.165
Stanford GSB101%0%0.158
Harvard Business School263%1%0.151
UCLA Anderson172%1%0.148
Kellogg152%0%0.118
MIT Sloan132%0%0.118
Michigan Ross81%0%0.116
Chicago Booth253%0%0.107
UVA Darden30%0%0.103
Columbia Business School132%0%0.102
UC Berkeley Haas223%0%0.098

"not ranked" means the school ranks for none of the tracked keywords, so no composite is computed. That is absence from this keyword universe, not a score of zero.

Open vs owned

Category concentration and saturation

How many cohort SERP appearances each question category actually has, and how concentrated they are where there are enough to tell. A concentration index over a handful of appearances reports the reciprocal of that handful, not the shape of the category, so it is withheld under 30.

Grounded layer · 2026-08-22
CategoryCohort SERP appearancesEntities appearingConcentration (HHI)State
Other776260.12Open
Solution2112n/aBase too small to judge
Discovery126n/aBase too small to judge
Educational86n/aBase too small to judge
Comparison54n/aBase too small to judge
Decision22n/aBase too small to judge

Read the appearance counts first. 776 of 824 cohort SERP appearances land in the residual bucket rather than any named question category, so the keyword universe barely reaches the categories the AI prompt set asks about. That gap is the finding here; a concentration index computed over the handful that do land in a named category would only report how few there are.

Unclaimed territory

White space

High-volume query clusters where no cohort school has built a strong position.

DataForSEO · 2026-08-22
ClusterVolume/moKeywordsCohort avgBest placedTheir coverageStatus
Program Discovery1,162,5404600.3%NYU Stern2.5%Open
Program Types314,3501241.0%Wharton7.0%Open
Cost ROI67,810660.4%NYU Stern3.1%Open
Other42,710211.2%Wharton11%Open
Application41,130690.6%Wharton3.0%Open
Career Outcomes30,330320.9%Wharton14%Open
AI vs organic

AEO vs SEO

AI standing is the measured presence band on live retrieval, so schools the instrument cannot separate share a band instead of being put in an order. Organic share is of 457,848 addressable monthly clicks across 772 volume-bearing keywords. No AI-versus-organic verdict is published for this category: the whole tracked cohort captures 9.1% of that market, so there is no organic contest among these schools for an AI standing to be ahead of or behind. The share each one holds is shown; the verdict column is withheld.

Cross-instrument · 2026-08-22
SchoolAI presence (live retrieval)Presence scoreOrganic share
WhartonBand 1 of 80.6493.3%
KelloggBand 2 of 80.5810.3%
Harvard Business SchoolBand 3 of 80.5470.4%
MIT SloanBand 3 of 80.5430.3%
Stanford GSBBand 4 of 80.4870.3%
Chicago BoothBand 4 of 80.4830.2%
Columbia Business SchoolBand 5 of 80.3920.1%
UC Berkeley HaasBand 6 of 80.2830.3%
NYU SternBand 7 of 80.2452.8%
Michigan RossBand 7 of 80.2080.1%
INSEADBand 7 of 80.2490.0%
Yale SOMBand 7 of 80.2260.0%
TuckBand 7 of 80.200not ranked
UCLA AndersonBand 8 of 80.1360.8%
Duke FuquaBand 8 of 80.1620.1%
Carnegie Mellon TepperBand 8 of 80.0830.1%
UVA DardenBand 8 of 80.1060.1%
Cornell JohnsonBand 8 of 80.102not ranked
Drill down

Entity explorer

Per-school two-layer and organic detail. Tap any row to open the five signals behind its memory and retrieval scores.

Two-layer · 2026-08-22
SchoolMemoryRetrievalBlendedAI mentionsOrganic SoVSEO composite
Harvard Business School0.8650.7070.7582620.4%0.151
Wharton0.7770.7470.7572953.3%0.226
Stanford GSB0.7270.6870.7002290.3%0.158
Kellogg0.6840.6780.6802640.3%0.118
MIT Sloan0.6420.6460.6452440.3%0.118
Chicago Booth0.5700.6290.6102020.2%0.107
Columbia Business School0.6000.5610.5741970.1%0.102
INSEAD0.4140.5420.5011090.0%0.086
Tuck0.4500.4650.460100not rankednot ranked
UC Berkeley Haas0.3210.5000.4431100.3%0.098
Yale SOM0.3990.4360.4241000.0%0.069
NYU Stern0.3120.4460.4031022.8%0.198
Carnegie Mellon Tepper0.3970.3830.387400.1%0.092
Michigan Ross0.3400.4090.387930.1%0.116
UCLA Anderson0.3530.3930.380540.8%0.148
Duke Fuqua0.3290.3980.376730.1%0.061
UVA Darden0.2890.4060.369450.1%0.103
Cornell Johnson0.2700.2840.28035not rankednot ranked
The freshness lever

Freshness of cited pages

Not measured for this index. Tracked schools do own pages AI cites here, but none is cited often enough to enter the most-cited set this check reads dates from, so the figure is withheld rather than reported as an absence.

Live fetch · 2026-08-22

Not measured, and the reason is the sampling. Tracked schools do own pages AI cites in this category: 238 citations across 17 of them, led by UC Berkeley Haas (35), Harvard Business School (34), Chicago Booth (29). Of the 5 genuinely cited pages checked (the fetch covered 40 URLs, but 35 of those are domain roots synthesized from a cited hostname rather than pages anything cited), none belongs to a tracked school. This check reads the last-modified date of the category's MOST-cited pages, and no single school page is cited often enough to enter that set, so none has been dated. Freshness is measurable for this cohort; it has not been measured here, and the figure is withheld rather than reported as an absence.

The infrastructure lever

Citability infrastructure

Whether each school has the machine-readable infrastructure AI leans on to recognize and cite an entity: structured data, an encyclopedia presence, an AI-crawler guide, and named authors. Two of those checks are stable enough to report and are shown as counts; no composite score is published, because three of the five are not reliable enough to stand behind. The reasons are below.

Live checks · 2026-08-22

Two of the five checks stand up; the score does not. A citability score needs at least 3 checks that can be stood behind and only 2 of 5 qualify here (schema_org, llms_txt), so what those 2 measured is published below and no composite is. Counted over the 14 of 18 tracked schools whose homepage the check could reach; the other 4 are excluded rather than counted as absences.

7 of 14
expose Organization schema
1 of 14
publish llms.txt

The other 3 are withheld:

  • wikipedia: answer changed for 8 of 18 entities between the two most recent runs
  • wikidata: answer changed for 6 of 18 entities between the two most recent runs
  • author pages: identical for all 18 entities, so it carries no information

A failed or rate-limited lookup is currently recorded as an absence, so scoring these would report that named organizations have no encyclopedia entry. The rebuild resolves each entity to a stable identifier first and reports three states, present, absent and unverified, rather than scoring unknowns as zeros.

What the index establishes

Category findings

6 findings this index establishes about the category, each one carrying the measurement from the panel that produced it. These describe the category, not a single school: the page-level, prioritised plan for one organization is a GEO Audit, which is a separate engagement.

1

Memory and retrieval are two different standings, and for most of the cohort they cannot be told apart

MeasuredAcross 18 tracked schools, only 5 have a memory-versus-retrieval gap large enough to clear the measured noise floor of 0.075, and the only M7 school among them runs the wrong way: Harvard Business School has the cohort's strongest model memory (0.865) and gives the most back on live retrieval (0.707, -0.158). The four schools whose retrieval standing genuinely exceeds their memory standing are all outside the M7: UC Berkeley Haas (+0.179), NYU Stern (+0.135), INSEAD (+0.129) and UVA Darden (+0.116). The remaining 13 schools sit inside the floor, so their two readings are the same measurement and neither can be called the stronger.

What it meansAny single 'AI visibility' number for a school in this category is a blend of two measurements that move on different clocks: what the models already hold about it, which shifts over quarters, and what they find when they search, which shifts with what is published. Where the gap between them is inside the noise floor, and it is for 13 of 18 schools here, the two readings are the same and neither can be called the stronger. Where it clears the floor, the direction matters: a school ahead on memory is living on reputation the models carry in, and a school ahead on retrieval is being found on content.

2

Outcomes content is cited when AI finds it, so the constraint in this category is organic reach, not page format

MeasuredOutcomes content is 12% of AI search fan-out volume, and outcomes pages are already the second-most-cited page type among tracked school pages (20.2%, behind program pages at 36.6%). The gap is organic coverage: across the 32 career-outcomes keywords, the strongest school (Wharton) captures 14% of the cluster and the cohort average is 0.9%.

What it meansThis is the reverse of the usual assumption. The models are not ignoring career outcomes pages, they cite them at nearly twice the rate outcomes appears in their own sub-questions. What they cannot do is reach pages that hold almost no organic position: cohort-average coverage of the outcomes keyword cluster is 0.9%. In this category the citation problem and the discoverability problem are the same problem.

3

Named comparisons are answered almost entirely from sources no school controls

MeasuredComparison queries are 5% of AI fan-out volume (e.g. 'two-year MBA vs one-year MBA differences,' asked 5x), and when AI cites sources for named-comparison prompts, 88.5% of citations go to third-party sites and only 11.5% to any tracked school's own domain.

What it meansWhen a buyer asks AI to compare two schools, nine citations in ten come from somewhere other than either school. The comparison is being written by admissions consultancies, forums and the trade press, and the schools are the subject of it rather than a party to it. That is a structural feature of this category, not a failure by any one school.

4

No school owns a top-five cited source in its own category

MeasuredThe top five cited domains across 7,509 category-question citation instances are gmac.com (507), poetsandquants.com (437), reddit.com (372), clearadmit.com (171) and mbaschools.org (157): none are school-owned. All 18 tracked schools' own domains together account for 238 citations, and no single school reaches 40.

What it meansThe five domains AI leans on most for graduate business questions are a testing body, a trade publication, a forum, an admissions consultancy and a directory. Not one is a school, and the schools' combined share of citations is 3.2%. So in this category the institution with the strongest reputation is not the institution supplying the answer, and organic authority and AI visibility come apart routinely as a result.

5

AI presence, organic share and branded footprint are three separate orderings of the same cohort

MeasuredAcross the 18 tracked schools the three surfaces rank the cohort differently. The whole cohort captures only 9.1% of the category's 457,848 addressable monthly clicks, and the two largest organic holders are Wharton (3.3%) and NYU Stern (2.8%), the second of which sits in band 7 of 8 on AI presence. Branded footprint is a third ordering again, and this page does not publish its per-school scores: the panel that showed them is retired and the scan is one period behind this edition. In graduate business education the measured association between branded footprint and AI visibility is a rank correlation of +0.154 over 40 paired providers at p=0.34, which is no relationship (cross-industry benchmark, edition 2026-08-20). Brand footprint here was scanned 2026-08-13, one period behind the AI measurement.

What it meansA strong position on one of these surfaces predicts nothing about the other two in this category. That is measurable rather than rhetorical: the branded-footprint correlation fails to reach significance here and in every other industry the benchmark has paired. Reading one surface as a proxy for another is the most common way an AI-visibility claim goes wrong.

6

Attribute framing is unclaimed on most factors, and the rankings leaders do not hold it

MeasuredAmong entities with enough mentions to measure (n of at least 20), Stanford GSB leads entrepreneurship framing at 14.7% of its tagged mentions and Carnegie Mellon Tepper leads tech placement at 40.9%. Finance placement is led by Cornell Johnson (25.9%), NYU Stern (18.5%) and Columbia Business School (18.3%), not by Wharton (11.6%). Most of the cohort leads no factor at all. Where a school does lead one, it is rarely the school that leads the rankings conversation.

What it meansAI does not frame these schools interchangeably, it frames them by factor, and the factor leaders are frequently not the cohort leaders. That means the association a school carries on a specific factor is largely independent of its overall standing, and it is the association that decides which school surfaces when that factor is the deciding one.

These are findings about the category, measured on the whole tracked cohort. This index does not tell any one school what to change: the page-level plan for a single organization (the specific URLs, entities, schema and crawler fixes, sequenced with owners) is a GEO Audit, a separate engagement.

Next step

Turn this into a plan.

This index shows where each school stands and which layer, model memory or live retrieval, is holding it back. A GEO Audit turns that into a prioritized action plan for one school: the pages, entity infrastructure, schema, and AI crawler access to fix, in order, with the measurement re-run afterward to prove the lift.

Arcalea AEO Index · neutral two-layer baseline August 2026 · 18 schools · a Galileo-family measurement surface

Common questions about the AEO Index

What is the AEO Industry Index?

The AEO Industry Index measures how AI answer engines recommend the players in a category. This August 2026 edition tracks M7 schools across five AI platforms (ChatGPT, Gemini, Perplexity, Claude, and Copilot), scoring how often and how prominently each school is named when someone asks AI for guidance.

What is the difference between the memory and live-retrieval layers?

The index measures two instruments and never blends them. The parametric (memory) layer queries each model with web search off, capturing what the model has internalized about the category. The grounded (live-retrieval) layer lets the models search the live web before answering. Memory is the slow-moving reputation moat; retrieval is the fast, content-driven citation contest. The gap between the two layers is itself the finding.

Why does a school rank differently on memory versus live retrieval?

A school can hold a strong place in a model's memory yet lose the live-retrieval layer when competitors publish more citable, current content, or the reverse. The Delta Quadrant plots both layers at once, so you can see which lever a school must pull: build durable reputation, or win the live citation contest.

How is AI visibility different from an SEO ranking?

SEO measures where a page ranks on a results page. AEO measures whether a brand is named and cited inside the AI-generated answer, where most people never click through to a link. A school can rank well organically and still be absent from the AI answer, or lead the AI answer while trailing in organic search. This index reports both and shows where they diverge.

Which platforms and prompts does the index use?

Five platforms: ChatGPT, Gemini, Perplexity, Claude, and Microsoft Copilot. Each runs the same frozen prompt set. Most prompts are entity-neutral, meaning no school is named and the model chooses who to recommend on its own; a separate head-to-head track deliberately names two schools per prompt to test direct comparisons. Scores aggregate across platforms and prompt categories, with per-platform detail in each section.

See the prompt categories and real examples (72 prompts) →
Composite, entity-neutral (53 prompts)
no school is named; the model chooses who to recommend on its own
“How do the top-ranked MBA programs differ in culture, teaching philosophy, and career placement?”
“How do the M7 business schools compare to each other?”
Head-to-head (12 prompts)
two schools named per prompt, run in both name orders to cancel position bias
“Harvard Business School versus Wharton: which MBA is better for management and leadership?”
“Stanford GSB versus Harvard Business School: which MBA is the stronger choice overall?”
Branded (7 prompts)
one school named per prompt, to test reputation questions asked by name
“Is the Harvard MBA worth it?”
“Is Wharton a good MBA program?”
Can Arcalea build this index for my category?

Yes. The methodology is category-agnostic. Give us your market and competitive set and we build the same two-layer index for your industry and your brand's position within it. Use the Get Your Index button to start.